Quit smoking: vaping + counselling helps

Vaping on top of counselling doubled short-term smoking quit rate when compared with counselling alone, and reduced the number of daily cigarettes at 12 weeks, according to data from a randomised controlled trial.

Presenting the first large trial to address the added value of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation, Prof. Mark J. Eisenberg (McGill University, Canada) described The Evaluating the Efficacy of E-Cigarette Use for Smoking Cessation E3 study [1]. The trial randomly assigned participants to receive nicotine e-cigarettes and minimal counselling, non-nicotine e-cigarettes and minimal counselling, or only minimal counselling for 12 weeks. Participants will be followed for 1 year to see which (if any) group is more likely to have quit or reduced their cigarette consumption. The primary outcome measure was the 7-day prevalence of self-reported smoking abstinence at 12 weeks, coupled with a measurement of exhaled carbon monoxide less than 11 ppm.

E3 enrolled 376 people (mean age 52 years; 53% men) at 17 sites in Canada. On average, these individuals had smoked 21 cigarettes a day for the previous 35 years. Of the participants, 91% had tried to quit smoking before but had failed. Most had already tried smoking cessation medications or behavioural therapy; about 1/3 had previously tried e-cigarettes.

All participants received 100 minutes of smoking cessation counselling over the 12-week study period. Participants self-reported their progress during 3 phone calls. Twice during the 12 weeks, they visited a clinic to undergo a breath test for carbon monoxide to confirm smoking behaviour.

In the nicotine e-cigarette group, there was a 12.8% absolute difference in 12-week quit rates compared with counselling alone (relative risk [RR] 2.4; 95% CI 1.3-4.6). The e-cigarette group without nicotine was 8.2% more likely to quit than the counselling group, which was not quite a significant difference (RR 1.9; 95% CI 1.0-3.8).

No adverse events were noted, except for 1 patient in the nicotine e-cigarette group whose pre-existing chronic pulmonary disease worsened.

Because of a manufacturing delay in the e-cigarettes, the researchers halted enrolment at 77% of their target. To compensate for the reduced statistical power, the study had to change its planned primary endpoint from 52-week follow-up, to only analysing the end of the 12-week treatment period. Six- and 12-month data are still forthcoming and will help determine the long-term effect of the intervention and whether it promotes permanent cessation.

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   1. Eisenberg MJ, et al. Abstract 11-08. ACC/WCC 28-30 March 2020.

 



Posted on 8 September, 20209 December, 2020