STEP-HFpEF: Semaglutide safe and efficacious in HFpEF plus obesity

In patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and obesity, treatment with semaglutide resulted in greater weight loss and improved HF-related symptoms compared with placebo. Together with the favourable safety profile, semaglutide presents itself as a potentially practice-changing therapy in this patient population.

“Most patients with HFpEF are overweight or have obesity,” stated Dr Mikhail Kosiborod (University of Missouri, MO, USA) [1]. “Since there are no approved therapies for the obesity phenotype of HFpEF and it has been demonstrated that the GLP-1 agonist semaglutide induces weight loss in overweight and obese individuals, the STEP-HFpEF trial was conducted” [1–3]. This phase 3 trial (NCT04788511) investigated the effects of 2.4 mg semaglutide, subcutaneously administered once weekly, on HFpEF symptoms and physical functioning in patients with the obesity HFpEF phenotype [3]. The double-blind trial randomised 529 adult patients 1:1 to the experimental arm or a placebo. The co-primary endpoints were the change in Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Clinical Summary Score (KCCQ-CSS) and the percentage change in body weight from baseline to week 52.

The mean change in KCCQ-CSS at week 52 was 16.6 points in the active treatment arm and 8.7 points in the placebo arm, representing a significant 7.8-point benefit for the semaglutide arm (95% CI 4.8–10.9; P<0.001; see Figure 1). Further, body weight was reduced by 13.3% in the semaglutide arm compared with 2.6% in the placebo arm, meeting this second primary endpoint (95% CI -11.9 to -9.4; P<0.001; see Figure 2). Participants receiving semaglutide also showed a significant improvement in 6-minute walking distance compared with those receiving placebo (mean difference 20.3 metres; 95% CI 8.6–32.1; P<0.001). At week 52, CRP levels had dropped to a ratio of 0.93 compared withbaseline in the placebo arm and to a ratio of 0.56 compared with baseline in the semaglutide arm. Mean reductions from baseline NT-proBNP were approximately 5% and 21% in the placebo and semaglutide arms, respectively.

Figure 1: Change in KCCQ-CSS from baseline to week 52 [1]



ETD, estimated treatment difference; KCCQ-CSS, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Clinical Summary Score.

Figure 2: Change in body weight from baseline to week 52 [1]



ETD, estimated treatment difference.

Serious adverse events (AEs) were more common in the placebo arm than in the semaglutide arm (26.7% vs 13.3%; P<0.001). This effect was mainly driven by a higher rate of cardiac disorders in the placebo arm (11.3% vs 2.7%; P<0.001). The AE rate of participants discontinuing treatment appeared to be higher in the experimental arm (13.3% vs 5.3%), mainly due to a difference in gastrointestinal AEs resulting in treatment discontinuations (9.5% vs 2.6%).

Discussant of the trial, Prof. Frank Ruschitzka (University Heart Center Zürich, Switzerland) congratulated the investigators on these potentially practice-changing results but wondered whether the effects of semaglutide on HFpEF symptoms are mainly driven by weight loss or by other mechanisms. He also warned that weight loss is not a great proxy for fat loss and that the loss of lean mass and the risk for sarcopaenia need to be further investigated. Finally, he stressed that the proportion of non-White individuals in the STEP-HFpEF trial was low and that the effects of semaglutide on the HFpEF with obesity phenotype need to be addressed in other ethnicities.

1. 
   
   1. Kosiborod MN, et al. Semaglutide in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and obesity. Hot Line Session 1, ESC Congress 2023, 25–28 August, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
   2. Dunlay SM, et al. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2017;14(10):591­–602.
   3. Kushner RF, et al. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2020;28:1050–1061.

 

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Posted on 30 October, 202330 October, 2023