A recent meta-analysis of 32 real-world studies in infants aged 0-12 months showed that nirsevimab was associated with lower odds of RSV-related hospitalisation, ICU admission, and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) [2]. These findings were confirmed in Chilean real-world data (145,087 immunised infants), showing an effectiveness of 76·41% against RSV-related LRTI hospitalisations and 84.94% against RSV-related ICU admissions [3]. Another approved antibody is clesrovimab (not yet EMA-approved), with topline data reporting 90.9% efficacy against RSV-associated LRTI [4].
What about vaccines for RSV? The maternal RSVpreF vaccine evaluated in the phase 3 MATISSE (NCT04424316) trial demonstrated effectiveness of 69.4% against infant medically attended LRTI within 180 days after birth [5]. Real-world data from Argentina confirmed the effectiveness of 71.3% against RSV-associated infant hospitalisation up to 6 months of age [6]. Regarding direct infant vaccination, promising results have been reported with live attenuated vaccines; however, other platforms, such as mRNA, have been discontinued [1].
“We now have two long-acting monoclonal antibodies that are approved,” said Prof. Drysdale, “with others in phase 2 or 3 clinical trials not too far away. Live attenuated vaccines are very promising in infants; however, other vaccine platforms seem to be further off [1].”
- Drysdale S. Protecting the next generation: RSV vaccination for children & pregnant women. 6th ESCMID Vaccines, 10–13 September 2025, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Sumsuzzman D, et al. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2025;9(6):393-403.
- Torres JP, et al. Lancet Infect Dis. 2025:S1473-3099(25)00233-6.
- Moulia DL, et al. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2025;74(32):508-514.
- Kampmann B, et al. N Engl J Med. 2023;388(16):1451-1464.
- Marc GP, et al. Lancet Infect Dis. 2025;25(9):1044-1054.
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Table of Contents: ESCMID Vaccines 2025
Featured articles
Real-world data confirm PCV20 effectiveness against pneumococcal disease in adults aged ≥65 years
Pneumococcal Vaccination
A quarter of US children have incomplete pneumococcal vaccination by age 2
V116 shows promise for adults at risk of pneumococcal disease
Real-world data confirm PCV20 effectiveness against pneumococcal disease in adults aged ≥65 years
The V116 pneumococcal vaccine is a new option in children at risk for pneumococcal disease
Influenza and COVID-19 Vaccination
Omicron XBB.1.5 vaccination provides effective, but rapidly waning protection in immunocompromised individuals
Intranasal COVID-19 vaccine shows promising results in preclinical mouse models
Influenza vaccine in children shows moderate, broad protection during the 2024-2025 season
Lower age is linked to reduced uptake of influenza and COVID-19 vaccination
RSV vaccination and Immunisation
Combination respiratory vaccines show promise but face key challenges
Adjuvanted RSVPreF3 demonstrates high real-world effectiveness in the USA
RSV immunisation: Maternal versus direct infant immunisation
European pregnant women show openness to maternal RSV vaccination
Infants immunised with nirsevimab have a lower risk of respiratory-related recurrent hospitalisation
Adjuvanted RSVPreF3 can be co-administered with a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in adults aged ≥50 years
Other Childhood and Routine Vaccinations
Pertussis vaccination: Could an intranasal vaccine help curb the rising cases of whooping cough?
Does the 2+1 vaccination schedule for Haemophilus influenzae type b increase case numbers?
Wastewater poliovirus detections in Europe may reflect seasonal infection patterns rather than consistent importation
Emerging and Future Vaccines
Where do we stand with vaccination for haemolytic streptococci?
The future looks promising for tuberculosis vaccination
Where do alternative vaccine administration routes fit in the clinical landscape?
Malaria immunisation beyond subunit vaccines: Current progress
SARI Definitions and Vaccine Effectiveness
Case definition discrepancies influence VE outcomes
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