Intake of specific fibre subtypes linked to reduced risk of CD onset

Higher intake of specific dietary fibre subtypes was associated with a reduced risk of developing Crohn’s disease (CD). Moreover, these fibre types were linked to distinct changes in inflammatory markers and gut microbiome composition, potentially shedding light on the mechanisms underlying the association between fibre intake and the onset of CD.

A study led by Dr William Turpin (University of Toronto, ON, Canada) and colleagues aimed to identify fibre subtypes associated with CD risk and to analyse their relationship with inflammation, barrier function, and the gut microbiota [1]. In total, 3,314 healthy first-degree relatives of patients with CD were followed prospectively. The investigators quantified the intake of various fibre subtypes, including pectin, β-glucan, inulin, fructooligosaccharides, and arabinoxylan, using dietary questionnaires. They also assessed intestinal permeability, subclinical gut inflammation, and faecal microbiome composition.

Inulin and β-glucan intake were significantly associated with a reduced risk of developing CD (see Figure). These fibre subtypes, along with fructooligosaccharides, were also linked to improved intestinal barrier integrity, as measured by the lactulose-to-mannitol ratio (≤ 0.025). Although none of the fibre types were associated with lower faecal calprotectin levels, inulin, β-glucan, and fructooligosaccharides were correlated with reduced C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. “In addition, we performed a multi-omics analysis and found that inulin and β-glucan were associated with lower concentrations of proteins previously linked to inflammation and barrier-disruption,” explained Dr Turpin.

Figure: Fibre subtype and risk of CD onset [1]



FDRs, first-degree relatives; CD, Crohn’s disease; FOS, fructooligosaccharides; AX, arabinoxylan.

Finally, the investigators reported that the bacterial genera Colidextribacter and Romboutsia appear to modulate the protective association between inulin and β-glucan intake and the risk of developing CD.

“Higher intake of inulin and β-glucan was associated with a reduced risk of CD onset,” concluded Dr Turpin. “These findings suggest that such fibres may beneficially influence barrier function, inflammation, and microbiome composition. Targeted dietary interventions based on these insights could help to prevent the onset of CD.”

1. Turpin W, et al. Fermentable fiber intake and reduced Crohn’s disease risk: insights from the GEM prospective cohort. OP066, IBD: What about the environment? UEG Week, 4-7 October 2025, Berlin, Germany.

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Posted on 1 December 20251 December 2025